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Bulletin E 



DIVISION OF EDUCATION 
RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 

ACTIVITIES AND PUBLICATIONS 




LEONARD P. AYRES, PH.D.. Director 



Published by the 

Division of Education of 
The Russell Sage Foundation 

400 Metropolitan Tower, New York City 



May, 1913 



S-13-S0 



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RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 

The Russell Sage Foundation was incorporated under the 
laws of the State of New York in April, 1907. The endowment is 
$10,000,000 given by Mrs. Russell Sage. The purpose of the 
Foundation, as stated in its charter, is "the improvement of 
social and living conditions in the United States of America." 

TRUSTEES 
Mrs. Russell Sage, President Mrs. Helen Gould Shepard 
Robert W. deFoREST, Vice- Robert C. Ogden 

President Mrs. William B. Rice 

Cleveland H. Dodge, Treas- Miss Louisa Lee Schuyler 

urer Alfred T. White 

GENERAL DIRECTOR 

John M. Glenn 

105 East 22d Street, New York City 



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The Division of Education 

The Division of Education had its inception in the Backward 
Children Investigation of the Russell Sage Foundation, which 
began work on November i, 1907, with the object of studying 
"retardation" in the public schools. 

The work rapidly increased in scope and led to studies of 
factors influencing the physical as well as the intellectual welfare 
of school children. This broadening of the work led after some 
two years to reorganization of the Investigation in November, 
1909, as the present Division of Education. 

Field and Method of Work 

The fundamental purpose underlying the work of the Divi- 
sion is to discover, formulate, and apply methods for illuminating 
and clarifying educational problems. Our work aims to discover 
facts, formulate methods, and develop forms of record keeping 
which will aid workers in the field of education to substitute 
knowledge for opinion, and to base action on evidence rather 
than on speculation. 

In the field of educational administration our work is in the 
main devoted to problems having to do with the progress of 
school children, and here our object is to conduct researches and 
develop methods that aim to secure for each child the best and 
most complete education possible within the limits of the time 
that he can remain in school. 

In the field of school hygiene our principal interests are the 
medical inspection of schools and open air schools ; and here our 
aim is to secure for each child, normal or defective, such physical 
vigor and mental vitality as will best enable him to take full ad- 
vantage of the free education offered by the state. 

In school statistics our work consists both in conducting our 
own researches and in assisting others who are carrying on in- 
vestigations and need help in the statistical parts of their studies. 

Our methods of work aim not only at discovering facts, but at 
bringing them to the attention of educators and social workers in 
such a form and manner that they can neither be misunderstood 
nor disregarded. 



PUBLICATIONS 
Pamphlets 
The following pamphlets have been issued by the Division. 
A nominal price is charged for each, to help cover cost of printing 
and mailing. Where any single pamphlet is purchased in quan- 
tities of 100 or more a discount of 25% is allowed. 

Pamphlets which are starred (*) have been published since 
the last edition of this bulletin. The numbers omitted are out 
of print. 

Make all checks payable to The Russell Sage Foundation 

61. The Relation of Physical Defects to School Prog- 
ress. Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
A statistical study based on 7,608 cases. 9 pp. Price, 
5 cents. 

77. Why 250,000 Children Quit School. 
Luther H. Gulick, M.D. 
An account of an investigation of the reasons why so 
large a proportion of children fail to complete the school 
course. 30 pp. Price, 5 cents. 

94. Measurements as Applied to School Hygiene. 
Luther H. Gulick, M.D. 
A presentation of the need for measuring the results 
of our present school processes. 7 pp. Price, 5 cents. 

96. The New Attitude of the School Towards the Health 
OF THE Child. Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
Brief account of how the abnormal child is reshaping the 
aims of education. 8 pp. Price, 5 cents. 

99. Medical Inspection Legislation. 

Compiled by Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
Contains map, tabular presentation, abstract, sugges- 
tions as to model law, and each law verbatim. 54 pp. 
Price, 20 cents. 

loi. What American Cities are Doing for the Health of 
School-Children, 
A report covering conditions in 1038 cities. 44 pp. 
Price, 15 cents. 



107- The Binet-Simon Measuring Scale for Intelligence: 
Some Criticisms and Suggestions. 
Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
A critical study of these tests and suggestions as to their 
adaptation to our conditions. 12 pp. Price, 5 cents. 
108. The Identification of the Misfit Child. 
Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
Data from a study of the age and progress records of 
school children in twenty-nine cities. 1 1 pp. Price, 5 cents. 
no. The Relative Responsibility of School and Society 
for the Over-age Child. Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
Data from a study of the age and progress records of 
school-children in twenty-nine cities showing the number 
of children over age because of late entrance, slow progress, 
and both causes combined, 6 pp. Price, 5 cents. 

111. The Money Cost of Repetition Versus the Money 

Saving through Acceleration. 
Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
Further results of the study of the age and progress 
records of school children in twenty-nine cities, computing 
the money saved through rapid progress and that lost 
through slow progress. 12 pp. Price, 5 cents. 

112. The Relation Between Entering Age and Subse- 

quent Progress Among School Children. 
Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
The evidence from three investigations bearing on the 
problem "What is the best age to send a child to school?" 
9 pp. Price, 5 cents. 

113. A Scale for Measuring the Quality of Handwriting 

of School-Children. Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
A quantitative study of legibility. 16 pp. 
Report, 5 cents. Scale, 5 cents. 
1x6. The Measurement of Educational Processes and 
Products. Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
An account of the development of the quantitative 
method in education. 9 pp. Price, 5 cents. 
*Ei24. A Comparative Study of Public School Systems in 
THE Forty-eight States. 
Fifteen tests of educational efficiency and accomplish- 
ment. 32 pp. Price, 15 cents. 



*Ei26. The Spelling Vocabularies of Personal and Busi- 
ness Letters. Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
An analysis of 2000 letters. 16 pp. Price, 5 cents. 

*Ei28. Psychological Tests in Vocational Guidance. 
Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
Analysis of the problem, with brief sketch of the progress 
already made towards its solution. 6 pp. Price, 5 cents. 

*Ei3o. The Effect of Promotion Rates on School Ef- 
ficiency. Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 
A method and tables for measuring differences in the 
effect of promotion rates. 12 pp. Price, 5 cents. 

*Ei32. Fire Protection in Public Schools (in preparation). 
Photographs and text showing dangerous conditions 
commonly found, and methods of remedying them. 16 pp. 
Price, 10 cents. 

*Ei34. Open Air Schools (in preparation). 

Methods employed in open air schools, and growth of the 
open air movement in the United States. Fully illustrated. 
16 pp. Price, 10 cents. 

*Bulletin E. The Division of Education of the Russell Sage 
Foundation. 
Activities and Publications. 

Brief description of the work of the Division, with list 
and prices of publications. 8 pp. No charge. 

Books 
Medical Inspection of Schools. Luther H. Gulick, M.D., 
and Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 4th edition. Completely 
revised. 276 pages. Illus. Price, postpaid, $1.50. Sur- 
vey Associates, Inc., 105 East 22nd Street, New York. 
Gives in convenient form for easy reference, information 
concerning the historical, educational, administrative, and legal 
phases of the work of medical inspection of school children. 

Laggards in Our Schools. Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 236 
pages. 4th edition. Price, postpaid, $1.50. Survey As- 
sociates, Inc., T05 East 22nd Street, New York. 
A study of the over-age child, the child who repeats grades, 
and the falling-out of school of pupils before the completion of 
the course in American city school systems. It is illustrated with 



some forty charts and diagrams, and its inter-city comparisons 
are set forth in nearly one hundred tables. 

Open-Air Schools. Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. 171 pages. 

Price, $1.20 (postage, 12 cents). Doubleday, Page & Co., 

New York. 
Gives the important and significant American and foreign 
material with respect to outdoor schools. It describes the Eng- 
lish, German, and American types, gives the results, and fur- 
nishes definite information with respect to clothing, food, cost, 
administration, etc. It has more than 70 pages of illustrations 
and diagrams. Bibliography. 

Lantern Slides 

The Division of Education has two sets of slides which it is 
glad to lend for use at meetings, exhibitions, etc. One set of 
thirty slides represents Medical Inspection of Schools, and the 
other of fifty slides illustrates Open-Air Schools. Each slide is 
accompanied by a brief description. 

There is no expense except that of expressage, but the date of 
the meeting must be given when application is made, and the 
slides should be returned immediately after they have been used. 
This arrangement is necessary in order that we may keep faith 
with those to whom slides have been promised. 

Anyone desiring duplicates of these slides for permanent 
use may secure them upon payment of the cost of making (from 
twenty to forty cents each) and mailing. 



IliliilHiliiiliiiii^ 
Russell Sage Foundation Pubncauuus 1 

The Pittsburgh Survey. Findings in six volumes. Price per set, $g net; per 
volume, $1.50 net. 

Women AND THE Trades. By Elizabeth Beardsley Butler. 2d ed. Postpaid, $1.72. 
Work-Accidents and the Law. By Crystal Eastman. Postpaid, Si. 72. 
The Steel Workers. By John A. Fitch. Postpaid, $1.73. 

Homestead: The Households of a Mill Town. By Margaret F. Byington. Postpaid, 
J1.70. 

Correction and Prevention. Four volumes. Price, per set, express prepaid, 
f 10; per volume, ^2.50 net. 

Prison Reform. By Chas. R. Henderson, F. H. Wines, and others. And Criminal Law 

IN the United States. By Eugene Smith. Postpaid, $2.67. 
Penal and Reformatory Institutions. By Sixteen Leading Authorities. Postpaid, 

$2. 70. 

Preventive Agencies and Methods. By Charles Richmond Henderson, Ph.D. Postpaid, 
$2.68. 

Preventive Treatment of Neglected Children. By Hastings H. Hart, LL.D. Post- 
paid, $2.70. 

Juvenile Court Laws in the United States: Summarized. Edited by Hastings 

H. Hart, LL.D. Postpaid, $1.60. 
The Delinquent Child and the Home. By Sophonisba P. Breckinridge and 

Edith Abbott. Postpaid, $2.00. 
San Francisco Relief Survey. Postpaid, $3.50. 
Workingmen's Insurance in Europe. By Lee K. Frankel and Miles M. Dawson, 

with the cc-operation of Louis 1. Dublin. Postpaid, ^2.70. 
Co-operation in New England: Urban and Rural. By James Ford, Ph.D. 

Postpaid, $1.50. 

Fatigue and Efficiency. By Josephine Goldmark. Postpaid, $2.00. 
Women in the Bookbinding Trade. By Mary Van Kleeck. Postpaid, ^1.50. 
Artificial Flower Makers. By Mary Van Kleeck. Postpaid, $1.50. 
Saleswomen in Mercantile Stores. By Elizabeth Beardsley Butler. Cloth, 

postpaid, $1.08. Paper, postpaid, $0.75. 
The Standard of Living Among Workingmen's Families in New York City. 

By Robert Coit Chapin, Ph.D. Postpaid, $2.00. 
Medical Inspection of Schools. By Luther Halsey Gulick, M.D., and Leonard 

P. Ayres, Ph.D. Postpaid, $1.50. 
Laggards in Our Schools. By Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D. Postpaid, $1.50. 
Wider Use of the School Plant. By Clarence Arthur Perry. Postpaid, $1.25. 
Among School Gardens. By M. Louise Greene, M.Pd., Ph.D. Postpaid, $1.25. 
Housing Reform. A Handbook for Use in American Cities. By Lawrence 

Veiller. Postpaid, $1.25. 
A Model Tenement House Law. By Lawrence Veiller. Postpaid, $1.25. 
One Thousand Homeless Men. By Alice Willard Solenberger. Postpaid, $1.25. 
The Almshouse. Construction and Management. By Alexander Johnson. 

Postpaid, $1.25. 
Civic Bibliography for Greater New York. Edited by James Bronson Rey- 
nolds. Postpaid, $1.50. 
Handbook of Settlements. Edited by Robert A. Woods and Albert J. Kennedy. 

Cloth, postpaid, $1.50. Paper, postpaid, $0.75. 

Complete Descriptive Catalog of These Books will be Mailed on Request to Survey 

Associates, Inc. 



SURVEY ASSOCIATES. INC. 

PUBLISHERS FOR THE RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 

105 East Twenty -Second Street, New York 



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